Integrated public transport systems : good practices from Asia and the Pacific

Abstract

<p>The rapid urbanisation and population growth have put increasing pressure on existing urban public transport systems in Asian cities. While growing motorisation is the main culprit behind congestion, traffic jams are also exacerbated by the lack of integration of the public transport systems. Each transport mode competes for limited road space, while travellers must make inconvenient transfers and navigate the complexities of multiple fare payment systems.</p> <p>Even when new transit systems are built, transport planners and engineers design them without considering the physical and virtual connectivity between modes. To ensure that passengers are not faced with difficult transfers between modes, it is recommended that transport systems should be planned and operated in an integrated manner. This is achieved by bringing together transport agencies and operators to coordinate planning and operations, integrate ticketing systems, and provide comprehensive transport information.</p> <p>This policy brief identifies existing practices and presents selected examples of good practice in developing integrated public transport systems. The logical process of integration with the following key elements needed to achieve an integrated public transport system is described briefly.</p> <p>- Institutional Models for Integrated Public Transport Systems</p> <p>- Planning Integrated Public Transport Systems</p> <p>- Public Transport Modes</p> <p>- Public Transport Operations – Network Integration</p> <p>- Public Transport Operations – Interchanges and Terminals</p> <p>- Data and Digital Applications</p> <p>- Integrating Fare Systems</p> <p>- Gender and Social Inclusion.</p>